In Your Opinion What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book Free Essays

Have you at any point contemplated demise? Is it accurate to say that you are prepared to bite the dust? On the off chance that your answer is no, you can transform it by perusing Tuesday With Morrie . This book is loaded up with immaculate apothegms and life exercises that can change someone’s life. Tuesday classes with Morrie changed Mitch Albom’s life and thought him how to live. We will compose a custom paper test on As you would see it What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book? or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The issues that they discussed are huge exercises for everybody. By and by, I have taken in a lot from the book and in this paper, I clarify some significant subjects which, as I would see it, are offered in dismissal of what culture is holds to be valid, give love and let it come in, and don't think cash is everything. First topic is dismissing what culture is stating. try not to accept what individuals around you determining what is correct or wrong. Attempt to build up your own way of life by discovering individuals whom you can trust . Each general public has its own issues; along these lines, you should be solid and tune in to your heart , accomplish your work , and don't abandon things that you don't have faith in . For instance, in the book Morrie’s conclusion is â€Å"we are showing an inappropriate things. What's more, you must be sufficiently able to state if the way of life doesn’t work, don’t purchase it† (page 35). This statement implies that in the event that you tune in to media, news, and your companions and do what they ARE stating, you will wind up with a despondent life. In like manner, Morrie, who loses his autonomy, is as yet acknowledged in the public eye, since he has exceptional path for living, he has his own way of life. He began venture called Greenhouse, where destitute individuals could get emotional well-being administrations. He visited by associates, stayed in contact with his understudies, and composed letter to his far off companions. The entirety of this is indications of a reality that he was effective in building up his own way of life. To summarize, don't burn through your chance to accept culture and don't lose your certainty. Trust yourself and trust your conviction to have a glad life. The subsequent subject is the way that affection can never kick the bucket. On the off chance that you have somebody to cherish you, you will never vanish from their psyches. Love among you and your family will deal with you whenever, despite the fact that you got fatal infection, as Morrie, and there is no desire for you to live. â€Å"The truth is there is no establishment, no safe ground, whereupon individuals may stand today on the off chance that it isn’t the family. (page91) For example, in Morris’s feeling â€Å"love is An objective act† (page 134). It implies in the event that you give love, it will come back to you. He cited from W. H. Auden what love is the pith of each individual, and each relationship without it is nothing. We can see that the significance of affection in Morrie’s life is c lear for him since when he is going near death without care of his family, he would die. All in all, affection breathes life into joy and significance. Finally, don't think cash is everything. Individuals who simply work for cash are consistently occupied. They don't focus on individuals around them, they are distant from everyone else, and everything is cash for them. They think cash gives them force, and it can continue them whenever in any event, when they face with death. Nonetheless, Morrie knows better since when one experiences demise, neither cash nor force will give one the inclination that they are searching for. Individuals, who think more cash is better, do so in light of the fact that they didn't discover significance in their lives, so to discover the importance in their lives, they simply run for new houses, new vehicles, and property. They look for significance in appearance. In all actuality, you don’t get fulfillment from those things. Just contribution what you need to give, gives you fulfillment. †(page126) For instance, in the event that you have aptitude in PC, you can instruct to the elderly individuals. They will be appreciative. This is the way you begin to get regard by offering your time and your ability. Finally, cash can't give you all that you need; despite what might be expected, it can make you lonelier. All in all, I truly delighted in the book and I have gained from it. It thought me that culture isn't in every case right and a large portion of individuals don't have the foggiest idea about this reality. They rather be indoctrinated in their lives. Second topic is love individuals around you, make the most of your second with them, and discover somebody to give your adoration interestingly. Have kids to encounter one of the most significant emotions throughout everyday life; a feeling Of totality and felicity which can't be communicated in words. Moreover, the exact opposite thing is cash. It isn't something for which you would should work and invest all your energy in. Rather, give more consideration to individuals around you, and put more quintessence of person in the course of your life. At last, I am considering this to be as an actual existence reference, loaded up with impeccable statements and stories. I truly prescribe it to individuals to peruse and gain from it. Instructions to refer to In Your Opinion What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book?, Papers

An Outline for Business School Essays

An Outline for Business School Essays In the past page we talked about the significance of making a customized composing plan for your school paper. Since you have (ideally) finished that task, I might want to present the subsequent stage in the application paper process: delivering a layout. Creating a quality blueprint is essential recorded as a hard copy a significant piece. As I would like to think, the more characterized the blueprint, the better the paper. Notwithstanding what sort of school paper you are wanting to compose, it generally serves to initially build up a blueprint. For contention, lets state that you are composing a business college exposition. Business college articles are the same as some other kinds of papers regarding the innovative procedure. Like any arrangement, you should initially make a diagram. A layout is just a consolidated treatment of a specific subject. For this situation, the subject is business college papers. In this way, the equation for your business college exposition may remember a segment for the individual occasions throughout your life which drove you to coordinate your investigations towards a degree in business organization. Whatever the theme, ensure that your blueprint remembers explicit guidelines for what youd like to remember for your arrangement. Make your school paper as you would a guide. Be exact, be characterized, or more all be intelligent. From business college expositions to undergrad confirmations organizations, one thing is for sure: the better the framework the better the paper. I suggest that you take a couple of days to make your layout. When you feel certain with your treatment, you can progress to the following stage. In the then, in the event that you have any inquiries concerning MBA papers or on the off chance that you might want to see tests of value confirmations papers, I propose that you get to the adjoining join.

Empowering Women

The jobs of ladies are continuously advancing to grasp what current society offers them. Ladies are getting enabled through training, employments, advancements, through law and numerous different structures. It isn't just observed in evolved nations, it is additionally found in creating nations as in the Pacific. Ladies are continuously being engaged to hold positions other than their customary ones. Ladies being enabled have numerous points of interest and inconveniences yet everything boils down to three things: financial, social and political favorable circumstances and disadvantages.Firstly, the monetary preferred position of engaging ladies is that it improves their families’ expectations for everyday comforts. Regardless of whether wedded or single, engaging of ladies, through a training or different methods, assists with improving their family’s monetary and money related standing. For instance, as per Leach (1986, pp. 55-56), an expected 33% of worldwide familie s are going by ladies, and they are answerable for taking care of their families. Strengthening as training can make sure about for them a vocation, and thus guarantees the duration of their households.It is in this manner clear that an enabled lady is significant for the imperativeness of her family unit. Moreover, engaged ladies are socially advantaged in light of the fact that it updates their social remaining in the public arena. In numerous nations, ladies are thought second rate compared to men, particularly in creating nations. For instance, â€Å"Swargo nunut neroko katut† implies â€Å"Going to paradise or heck, a lady will only oblige her husband† (Chrysanti 1998, p. 87). From this Javanese saying, it is conceivable to state that a wedded lady is restricted by having nothing to do with issues of the Javanese society, as even to the hereafter she is to follow her husband.Their being enabled may permit individuals in their general public to look for counsel fro m them, as they might be viewed as higher in standard by others. It is then sheltered to state that when ladies are enabled, they may have a higher remaining in the public eye than if they were not engaged. Also, including ladies in governmental issues is favorable as ladies may give new perspectives. Legislative issues is by and large â€Å"male dominated† and choices made are dominatingly from a male purpose of view.A male can't hold both male and female feelings and it is best that the two sexual orientations be available in governmental issues. For instance, engaging ladies has accommodated the requirement for correspondence to be heard. Before, female specialists were unfathomable and as time passed, the continuous enabling of ladies has prompted ladies triumphing in medication as specialists, attendants, lab experts, etc. By and by, it is a preferred position to a nation and its residents to advance female lawmakers in the administration for the harmony among perspectiv es and assessments of guys and females.However, being female disservices ladies monetarily as â€Å"women’s nature† may obstruct achievement. A â€Å"woman’s nature† is for the most part thought of as enthusiastic and hormonal, and, despite the fact that not valid for all, it might be for a few. For instance, Chrysanti (p. 93) says that a normal Indonesian lady [manager]†¦ doesn't depend on her hunch and is awkward with facing challenges. Chrysanti further says â€Å"While this may work well for her in many examples, she would presumably think that its harder to make snappy, forceful decisions†.This suggests that dangers and forceful choices may do well to spare organizations, anyway the run of the mill Indonesian lady probably won't face challenges and her choices may cost her and her organization. So all together for a lady to succeed monetarily, she may need to set aside her feelings. Despite the fact that enabling ladies may inspire them s ocially, separation from guys is as yet obvious. As previously mentioned, ladies might be exceptionally respected in the public arena because of their strengthening however because of male segregation, it might be troublesome socially.History has demonstrated that solitary the male had paid occupations, while the female performed residential obligations. As Moengangongo (1986, p. 88) expressed, â€Å"The customary perfect is that the male has consistently been the supplier and the female the homemaker†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this is a typical comprehension in numerous nations, making it harder for ladies to be utilized or enabled, and on the off chance that they did, a few men may make it hard for them at the work place. As Kibel (2012) reports, â€Å"Certain types of oppression ladies stay broad. Out of 121 nations canvassed in the 2012 SIGI, 86 have prejudicial legacy practices or laws. This consequently demonstrates male segregation is as yet apparent today. So despite the fact that ladies are bit by bit being engaged, men become hindrances in their strengthening. Furthermore, there is a great deal of rivalry in legislative issues making female strengthening troublesome. Since legislative issues is male commanded, there is as of now existing rivalry between male lawmakers; ladies entering governmental issues can make certain of a plenitude of rivalry, and as the adage goes â€Å"whatever ladies do, they should do twice too [as men] to be viewed as half too [as men]†.For model, in Tonga, ladies once in a while hold high situations in the legislature on the grounds that various male contenders forestall it. ‘Alisi Taumoepeau is a case of an uncommon fruitful lady in legislative issues, and this may just have been because of her multiplied endeavors. In this way, regardless of how qualified or engaged a lady might be, she will in any case face rivalry and she may need to work twice as difficult to try and be considered in legislative issues. To finish up, there are numerous favorable circumstances and drawbacks of being enabled as a lady, the three fundamental reasons being monetarily, socially and politically.As can be seen, engaging of ladies helps monetarily; it assists ladies with picking up regard and gives ladies a voice. We can likewise observe that in spite of the fact that enabling ladies is generally advanced, there are as yet numerous deterrents for ladies to survive. It is unequivocally recommended that every nation have or bolster programs that are devoted to strengthening of ladies, with the goal that ladies can be engaged for advantages of home and nation. A nation with engaged ladies is contrasted with a family unit headed by an enabled lady: well off, sorted out and agreeable. Enabling Women Unique This paper will examine the engaging ladies and think about its detriments and disservices. Initially it will express the burdens of enabling ladies. A portion of the burdens talked about in this exposition are rivalry, moral issues and family issues. Besides, the paper will examine a portion of the significant preferences of engaging ladies. A portion of the significant preferences are sex fairness, administration and training. At last the paper will close with an idea that regardless of the upsides of enabling ladies, there are additionally a few detriments that should be considered.Essay 1: Empowering ladies Discuss the focal points and impediments of engaging ladies so they can hold different positions separated from customary ones. Strengthening is fundamental to economical turn of events and the human privileges of all. Strengthening is a significant part of each woman’s life. As indicated by the â€Å"Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary† this the term enab ling ladies is the breaking of individual constraint. Ladies strengthening is significant for the advancement and improvement of any nation.The strengthening of ladies can occur through training that is empowering ladies into workforce. Strengthening additionally happens by making mindfulness programs. This article will talk about on the disservices of enabling ladies. In the first place, one of the hindrances of enabling ladies is rivalry in the workforce among people. Rivalry empowers ladies to enter the workforce. As the vast majority of the ladies are currently instructed they are probably going to get utilized. These ladies are bound to land position which was ruled by men in customary times.When ladies are engaged they are bound to be amazing than men. Consequently, this will make more rivalry in the workforce for a similar measure of occupations and conceivably the pace of multiplication. Issues that emerge because of rivalry in the workforce are that there is a lot of pressu re and work pressure influences soundness of laborers. In this way, rivalry has a basic detriment since it will make issues in the workforce. Besides, enabling ladies additionally prompts family issues. Numerous ladies don't have a legitimate comprehension about empowerment.As ladies are enabled and have their very own full control self, they overlook the obligations and they get so assimilated in learning new things that they their family. Ladies the vast majority of the occasions are out of house as opposed to investing energy with family. Kids are taken care of by another person and don't get adequate love from guardians. Accordingly, this prompts increment in the pace of separation as a result of the misconception between the couples. Consequently, enabling ladies is to be sure a drawback. Besides, moral issue is additionally a hindrance of engaging women.This is on the grounds that when ladies are enabled there disposition changes contrasted with the mentality when they were no t engaged. At the point when they were engaged they couldn't care less about the virtues. This prompts moral issues. This issues happens in light of the fact that ladies are taught and utilized, they attempt to control the whole family. This prompts moral issues, for example, that they don't have regard for the senior ones. This enabled lady frequently nitpicks their better half and furthermore to other relatives. Through this mentality the picture of the family is gone bad.Therefore, engaging ladies doesn't show just the privileges of the ladies yet in addition duties accompany the rights. This article has considered on the drawbacks of engaging ladies and now it will take a gander at the upsides of enabling ladies. The upsides of engaging ladies are significant on the grounds that ladies has perceived as the focal issue in deciding the status in ladies. The points of interest examined about enabling ladies are sex uniformity, initiative and training. For the first time ever, one o f the advant

Description of Nicaraguan Photo Free Essays

Roosevelt Campbell Professor Finnegan English 111 (009) 7 October 2012 The demise of the youngster in the Nicaraguan war The photo by Koen Wessing, â€Å"Nicaragua† (1970) shows a gathering of individuals around a dead body on a destroyed road in an unfortunate scene. In the closer view, lies a dead youngster on an uneven street secured with a white sheet, seems as though a military boot on one foot standing out. In the forefront, at the leader of the body blood stains are recognizable. We will compose a custom paper test on Portrayal of Nicaraguan Photo or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now A lady who is by all accounts the youthful man’s mother strolls straight up to the body, holding up a sheet to her mouth, and begins to cry tears. Out of sight four individuals remain in the road, who have all the earmarks of being relatives or companions of the perished. A man, who is by all accounts the boy’s father or uncle, strolls behind the body towards the mother. He doesn't go up against or take a gander at the body, with his head down and his hands together before him at his midsection as an indication of distress. Behind the man, a companion of the family gazes at the body with a cloth to her nose, shielding her from the smell. Nearby her is a relative who is somewhat covered up by the man. Just a little piece of her hair, arms and legs are obvious. A relative likewise gazes at the body with a sheet wrapped over her arm. I likewise notice that behind these individuals is spray painting on the entryway of a structure which says â€Å"FSLN† which represents Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional (Spanish). In English, this implies Sandinista National Liberation Front which is a social popularity based gathering in Nicaragua. On that equivalent structure I can see openings on a structure behind the gathering of individuals possibly they are projectile gaps, from the weapon when they shot at the youngster. Look like there is even a spent shell to one side of the leader of the body. In this photograph by Koen Wessing, it demonstrates how the relatives and companions have been influenced by the demise of the youngster, them as well as how the nation all in all has been profoundly influenced with the passings and devastations which have been occurring in the nation, appeared to have been brought about by a war. Koen Wessing depicts how war devastates families and the battle that individuals in this scene and the entire nation needs to experience. When taking a gander at the youthful man’s mother, relatives and companions, you can see by their outward appearance and non-verbal communication that they’re separated intellectually by the passing of the youngster, which profoundly influences them. This can cause issues, for example, misery and outrage. This can even keep on influencing them later on later on. To my presumption he may have been ruthlessly killed by Somoza’s National Guard (resistance to the Sandinistas), in view of his alliance with the Sandinistas, and he might not have been the main honest individual to be murdered by them, so there would have been different families influenced by this disturbance. This war has influenced the individuals as well as the country’s framework also, for example, the streets and structures that were obliterated. Homes may have likewise been destroyed leaving individuals destitute which may make them and their youngsters be resting without a rooftop over their head which isn't sound. A few organizations may have been closed down, and without any organizations, individuals would be out of employments and therefore, they wouldnot having the option to accommodate their family. Schools additionally may have been shut and this would have profoundly influenced the instructive advancement of the understudies and influence them later on. All in all, this photograph obviously expresses the enduring the individuals and the nation overall needed to experience, and how the dead are left to help the individuals to remember dread and pity. This picture delineates the overwhelming impact that a war can have on the individuals and its nation. Koen Wessing is revealing to us that a war can cause a ton of issues in a nation and it would be hard to restore all the viewpoints which have been influenced. Works Cited Koen, Wessing. Nicaragua. 1970. Photo. English 111 Course Page. Web. The most effective method to refer to Description of Nicaraguan Photo, Papers

Seven laws of teaching Essays

Seven laws of instructing Essays Seven laws of educating Essay Seven laws of educating Essay The book is an advanced interpretation of exemplary writing about learning elements and study hall the executives. The book handles these subjects similarly as its ancestor yet fuses present day adjustments to the issue. In the law of the instructor, the book is touchy to current issues realized by an absence of equipped educators in the government funded educational system. It restores the ageless line that â€Å"one can't show what one doesn’t know†. In the law of the student, the book gives accentuation on the impacts of media and mainstream society and how instructors of the present ought to advance with these patterns so as to stay in contact with their student’s outlooks. It is contended that intrigue and consideration must be winnowed by the instructor from the understudies by engaging their current advantages and relating topic to them. This gives the progress to the law of the exercise, where it was talked about that understudies have gotten distanced with study hall learning. This issue could be tended to by understanding understudy foundation and utilizing it to the teacher’s advantage. Instructors should draw the start of every exercise out of learner’s encounters that could incorporate well known music, TV programs, and style and gaming patterns. In the law of the language, issues on ESL students and bilingualism were placed into center. It was clarified that study hall decent variety has extended to a point that instructors can't anticipate that their understudies should be promptly familiar with the English language. That being the situation, instructors must utilize different apparatuses of articulation so as to break through to their understudies. In the law of the showing procedure, present day ideas like understudy focused learning were incorporated to current instruments, for example, rubrics, portfolio, and different materials. In the law of the learning procedure, the appearance of different insights was examined inside the setting of accomplishing certified learning. In the law of survey and application, basic day issues and concerns were tended to with accentuation on the ease of use of scholarly information to present day life.

Periodontal Disease Is Very Prevalent In The Australian Population Assignment

Periodontal Disease Is Very Prevalent In The Australian Population Assignment Periodontal Disease Is Very Prevalent In The Australian Population â€" Assignment Example > Periodontal DiseaseIntroduction90% of the global population can be affected from prevailing periodontal diseases (Cabanilla, 2009). The easygoing type of periodontal disease, ‘Gingivitis’ is the reason of a bacterial biofilm (dental plaque) which gathers on teeth adjoining to the gums. Though fundamental sustaining constructions of the teeth do not affect by gingivitis and is not contagious. Loss of connective tissue and bone support are the reasons of periodontitis which causes tooth loss in adults. Moreover, inherent and ecological aspects, pathogenic microorganisms in the biofilm, above all smoking, give to the root of these infections. General types of periodontal disease have been connected with unpleasant pregnancy results, heart disease, heart attack; diabetes and pulmonary disease, other than the fundamental associations have not been recognized. Calculating the bacterial biofilm presentation in teeth is the prevention and treatment of this disease and further threaten ing aspects, controlling increasing disease, and repair the lost tooth structure (Darby, 2009). This paper gives a brief overview of periodontal disease and its prevalence in Australian versus European population. Periodontal disease is any inborn or obtained disorder of the tissues adjacent and sustaining the teeth. The causes of this disease are diverse it might be developmental, provocative, painful, neoplastic, inherent, or metabolic origin (Cabanilla, 2009). Yet, the word periodontal disease typically passes on to the ordinary provocative gingivitis chaos and periodontitis caused by biofilm pathogenic microflora or daily dental plaque on the teeth. Gingivitis is highly widespread and can be treated by easy, useful oral hygiene (Aguede, 2008). Even chewing or brushing can send bacteria from gum infections into the bloodstream where they can accumulate on the interior lining of the heart and its valves, with fatal effects if untreated, according to some research (Eggert, 2008). Bacteria can also be inhaled into the lung to cause respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, and studies are also investigating to what extent gum disease is related to chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Armitage, 2005). Scientists also suspect that the bacterial infection could trigger an increase in prostaglandin and other biological fluids to trigger premature labour. These bacteria can also attach to fatty plaque in blood vessels, contributing to clot formation (Armitage, 2005). People with periodontal disease are more prone to experience heart disease (Eggert, 2008). Periodontitis connects with tissues inflammation of teeth leads to supporting connective tissue loss and alveolar bone. Due to periodontitis, soft tissue pockets or intensified gaps between the gums and tooth root are formed. At its highest stage periodontitis can affect teeth structure and teeth become loose, infrequent throbbing and anxiety, damaged mastication, and ultimate tooth loss. Researchers believe smokin g inhibits white blood cells and nicotine shrinks small vessels in the gum tissue, preventing extra blood from getting to the neck of the teeth and under-performing if they do (Darby, 2009). Complicating the issue is that periodontal disease can be painless until it reaches the advanced stages. Quite often, gum disease is silent. It has no symptomDiagnosisGentle gums bleeding during tooth brushing is an outcome of Persistent gingivitis, which takes as only a slight problem if not fundamental bleeding disorders survive. Advanced periodontitis in many people may also have periodic periodontal swellings and halitosis. The medical analysis of chronic periodontal disease is supported on visual and radiographic consideration of the periodontal tissues and on capacity of the gap between the tooth and gum. These gaps are usually 1-3 mm deep, and become deeper with the loss of supporting connective tissue and bone (Borrell, 2005). An absolute clinical assessment, pocket depths and tissue s upport are calculated at different areas approximately every tooth and dental calculus, supragingival periodontal plaque, gingival bleeding, and exudates are measured.

Security Layers and Database Management System - 550 Words

Security Layers to be Implemented for a Database Management System (Essay Sample) Content: NameLecturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameCourse numberDate (date month year)Security Layers to be Implemented for a Database Management SystemIn this information age, data is a vital asset. Corporation and Organizational concern on database security therefore increases exponentially each passing moment. Database management together with other information assets has become part of the key areas affecting companies today. When compromised or exposed to attackers, information can cause significant negative effect on the business, company reputation or even bring down a whole corporation. In order to avoid all these, database management systems must be protected at all costs. This paper aims at discussing various security measures/layers to be implemented for database management systems in networked corporationsSecurity strategies must focus on avoiding all forms of risk. A security strategy must mitigate the overall possibility of harm or loss of companies data ( Baccam 2). To des ign such a system, system requirements and spectrum of threats to the data must be understood and controls implemented to protect people, processes and the technology in terms of information within an organization. Some of the security layers implemented include access control, logical control(auditing, authentication, encryption and passwords), integrity controls, backups and data recovery strategies together with application security.Many database systems have been secured from hackers through security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems. However, access to programs and data within these systems continues to be at stake with growth in the internet networking i.e. internet access. Access controls not only protect against external and internal attackers, they can also protect from the mistakes that users introduce( Baccam 7). A good example of such a case is a user who deletes an important object on the assumption that it is not in use. To curb this, many orga nizations develop their own " baseline" security standards and designs detailing basic security measures for their database management systems(Database security ). Some of the measures to be implemented are good laws and regulations, policies and accepted practices concerning privacy, accounts and company reports. a paper on ways to secure stored data recommends implementation of multiple layers of defense for protection in case one of the perimeters is compromised(Schulz 1).Logical controls and security will involve securing the networks with firewalls, running antispy-ware and virus detection programs on servers and storage systems. Without strategies like logic unit number mapping, encrypting and decrypting of data in transit and at rest, use of passwords and usernames, stored data is vulnerable to unauthorized or disruptive access. Auditing of adm...

Death Of A Salesman By Willy Loman - 1683 Words

Before even beginning to read ‘Death of a Salesman’, we know what the play is going to be about from the given title. However, this play is much more than just a death of a salesman, it’s about the death of the promise of the American Dream. At heart, it’s about the protagonist’s desire for success, respect, and status — and failure to achieve it. The play opens with a huge chunk of precise stage directions, immersing the reader in a vivid description of the Loman house and its surrounding area. It does not begin with the very start of Willy Loman’s downfall, but rather towards the end of his life. In the middle of the night, our sixty year old protagonist, the salesman of the title, Willy Loman, enters his home exhausted, carrying two†¦show more content†¦Linda tells Willy that Biff just hasn’t found himself yet but Willy is in denial for he believes Biff is capable of being a great man. Biff and Happy are tall and well-built men, however despite their physical appearance they are both still in perpetual adolescence. When Biff tells Happy of the many different jobs he had, he demonstrates a lack of responsibility. Biff is also self-destructive as he ruins every job opportunity he might have. He knows he is a disappointment to his father and ponders if he should get married to gain stability. On the other hand, Happy is at a better position than his older brother Biff for he has a steady job, apartment, car and loads of women. However he holds an attitude of a teenager, being a womaniser and stating he shouldn’t need to take orders from his superiors in the workplace for he is physically superior. Biff and Happy’s take on success is different. Biff believes he is a failure because he doesn’t have a stable job and isn’t married, while Happy believes he is a failure because although successful compared to his brother, he feels empty and unfulfilled. The play then shifts its setting and time within the act, through Willy’s many flashbacks to a past memory of his early life when he was idolised by his two sons, a time when Biff was a football superstar in high school with a scholarship to UVA, butShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Willy Loman860 Words   |  4 Pagesend up worth more dead than alive.† This is said by Willy Loman in Act 2 of the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† Willy is a 63-year-old man who has been a salesman for 34 years working for the same company. As he ages, his sales decrease due to his lack of strength and pep. The opening quote is Willy reflecting on his worthlessness of all the years that he spent working. Once Willy gets fired he feels as though he has nothing left. This is not how Willy pictured his life and this ends up alienating himRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Willy Loman1076 Words   |  5 PagesThis modernized tragedy, Death of a Salesman, illustrated the last days of life for poor Willy Loman. Realistic dramas, emotionally, physiologically, and spiritually, this action-filled play occurred in the present. When the play goes back into the past, it makes the audience feel as if they have drifted into the past, almost like a dream. In some of the scenes, Biff and Happy appeared as if they are in high school, but only their father, Willy, can see them. This method is often referred to as usingRead MoreDeath of a Salesman: Willy Loman Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesWilly Loman: Failure of a Man In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman is an example of a failure as a good father. He did not discipline his sons well by not punishing them. He did not set a good example to his sons by not admitting his faults. He did not make his family his number one priority. Instead, it was his work, coming before his family, his friends, and even himself. Not only is Willy Loman not a good father and husband, but he was a failure by not becoming successful, notRead MoreIs Willy Loman a Tragic Hero in Death of Salesman1305 Words   |  6 PagesWilly Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to purse the idea that reputation in society has more relevancies in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and lead toRead MoreCompare And Contrast Death Of A Salesman And Willy Loman1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller. A book about an old man whose occupation is a salesman. The story takes place in Brooklyn Manhattan, in a nice quite neighborhood and the main protagonists is named Willy Loman. Willy Loman main goal in life was to succeed and make a name for himself but since he didn’t achieve it, he passed on that dream to his two sons. From Willy Loman point of view his second son did make a named out of himself but for his first son, that dream of success didn’tRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Willy Loman In Death Of A Salesman838 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman from â€Å"Death of a Salesmanâ €  by Arthur Miller is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is someone who has a judgement error and inevitably ends up destroying himself. Miller believes that the common man makes the best tragic hero as we want to be seen as a image and or not be thrown away. That fear, which he believes is very strong today, is what makes us the best tragic hero. I would take the stance that Willy Loman is a tragic hero. Willy starts to show signs of flaw of judgement, reversal ofRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Willy Loman And Death Of A Salesman1112 Words   |  5 PagesWilson and Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller are two plays that can be considered different in terms of their plot. Both plays have two very different cultural backgrounds. The background affects each protagonist therefore differently. However, there are also similarities beyond the plot. Despite the different backgrounds of each protagonist or main characters, they are both trying to achieve their dre ams. They both fail ironically in similar ways .Willy Loman in the death of a salesmanRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesWilly Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman       Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classicRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman, Tragic Hero. Willy Loman.1503 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent can Willy Loman be considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s rules? Arthur Miller presents his play ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the ancient form of a tragedy. Aristotle has defined his idea of the ‘perfect’ tragedy in his text, ‘Poetics’ (350 BC).Here he suggests that the protagonist must fall from an elevated social standing as a result of a â€Å"fatal flaw† within the character; the fall from the main character creates resolution to the play which is seen as just; finally, AristotleRead More Willy Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman876 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Everybody feels the penetrating presence of fear throughout life. However, people’s reactions to this fear separate the brave souls from the cowards. Mark Twain once said, Courage is resistance to fear; mastery of fear, not absence of fear (Twain 6). In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman fears rejection by his son, Biff, and the business world. His fears master him, creating in him a fantasy world of life as it

Primary Document Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 267 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre is one of the topics addressed in the collection of documents Reading the American Past volume 1 To: 1877 chapter four. The Boston Massacre is an event that took place in 1768 in America. It’s an incident that involved the British soldiers and American colonies who had started a rebellion against the authorities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Primary Document Analysis" essay for you Create order It’s an event that defines the history of the United States as it marks an important moment that led to the independence of Americans. It involved British army solders who shot and killed several people who had launched demonstration against them (Johnson 238). The British army had been positioned in Boston with the task of protecting colonial officials in the province of Massachusetts who were enforcing unpopular law. The killing made the other provinces turn against the British colonials. Several people were shot dead as a result of the confrontation between a British sentry and the rioters. As a result, one officer, eight soldiers and a civilian were arrested in association to the incident and charged with murder. The incident is one of the most important in the history of United States as it sparked tension all over the country. The Boston Massacre turned colonial sentiments against the British parliamentary authority and King George III. After the event, the other provinces rose against the British authority. It’s believed that the incident laid the foundation for American independence in 1770 (Allison 45). The American patriots used the then annual commemorations of the Boston Massacre against the British authority. The event was used as evidence that the British leadership was oppressive and hostile.

How to Pronounce Xi Jinpings Name

China has been growing as a world power, and Xi Jinping, the countrys leader since 2012, is ever-present in the news and on the world stage. Its important, therefore, for students of Chinese—and indeed for anyone keeping up with current events—to be able to pronounce the Chinese leaders name. But saying his name correctly is not simple; it requires understanding the Chinese alphabet as well as the tones you must use when pronouncing Chinese letters and words. Basic Pronunciation The alphabetical letters used to write sounds in Mandarin Chinese (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont often match sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess its pronunciation is not sufficient.  (Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan.) The simplest way to pronounce the name of the president of China is to say Shee Jin Ping. But you also must account for the Chinese tones. The Four Tones In Mandarin Chinese, many characters have the same sounds, so tones are necessary when speaking to help differentiate words from each other.  The four tones are: First: a level and higher pitchSecond: a rising tone that starts from a lower pitch and ends  at a slightly higher pitchThird:  a falling-rising  tone that begins at a neutral tone then dips to a lower pitch before ending at a higher pitchFourth:  a falling tone that starts the syllable at a slightly higher-than-neutral pitch then goes quickly and strongly downward You can listen to a recording of a native speaker pronouncing the name and mimic the pronunciation. The BBC notes that the name is pronounced -sh as in ship, -j as in Jack, -i as in sit, -ng as in sing. Breaking Down the Name The presidents name is ä ¹  Ã¨ ¿â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ³ (or ç ¿â€™Ã¨ ¿â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ³ written in traditional form). His name, as do most Chinese names, consists of three syllables. The first syllable is his family name and the two remaining are his personal name. Xi, the first part of the name, can be difficult for non-native Chinese speakers to pronounce because the hard  x sound does not exist in English. It is alveolo-palatal, meaning that its produced by placing the body of the tongue against the front part of the hard palate. The tongue position is similar to the first sound in yes in English. Try producing a hissing sound and youll get pretty close. The i is like the y in city but longer. The tone rises when pronouncing this part of the name, so it takes on the second tone. Jin is also tricky, but if you know how to pronounce the hard x in Chinese, it becomes a lot easier. J is pronounced like the x  sound but has a stop in front of it. Think of it as a very light t, or tx. Take care not to breathe out too hard when pronouncing the t because it will turn into a Chinese Pinyin q. The i in jin should sound similar to the i in xi but shorter. The tone falls in this part of the name, so it takes on the fourth tone. Ping is fairly straightforward; it is pronounced much as it looks in English written form. One minor difference is that the ng is pronounced farther back and is more prominent than in English. The tone rises in this part of the name so it takes on the second tone.

Marx s Theory Of Capitalism - 882 Words

While some look at the United States of America as the land of free, the proverbial, land of milk and honey. Others argue that our nation is a corrupt land that is where only the affluent capitalists thrive while the rest of the country s workforce are heard through like cattle, only kept alive enough to keep them working to be the slaves of maintaining the gigantic corporations and business that they work for. This bleak look at the America’s foundation is conducted by Karl Marx, who saw capitalism as a dangerous and unstable economic system. Marx only saw commercialized society as a self-interested and competitive he only saw that this selfishness and competition would only cause separation, phenomena Marx referred to as â€Å"estrangement of labor† in other words, an ostracism of people their work, their relationship to other people and the alienation of mankind from itself. Marx did not merely critique the infrastructure of capitalism but also looked at its effects , specifically to the workers who he believed suffered the most at the hands of capitalism. Marx examined how workers were producing things that they could not easily afford for themselves; Marx thought of this as the worker losing connection to their art. To Marx a worker who could not afford something that they create makes the worker feel like they are not part of the production of what they are producing, taking away any joy, a worker might have had when they produce their goods. Furthermore, Marx saw aShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx s Theory Of Capitalism976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reality of a capitalist society that was first discussed by Karl Marx in the 19th century. When Karl Marx first penned his shaping works on communism, he assumed that the relationship between workers and capital would always be opposing. While most rejected his overall theories, they did not argue with the basic idea that the interests of workers would always be at odds with those of owners. This is one of Marx s only theories that has proven to be true. As a consequence, over the years, thatRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Capitalism1676 Words   |  7 PagesGerman, Jewish intellectuals. The school consisted of quite a few Marx followers, which decided to take a narrow selection of Marx’s theory’s and ideas and take off with them. The school sought to update Marx and explain the longevity of capitalism. Since Marx did not originally think capitalism would last as long as it did the theorist at the Frankfurt school went about breaking it down and explaining it. The technical term for capitalism is an economy based system that is based on private ownershipRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Capitalism1951 Words   |  8 Pageswill be about Marx’s and Weber’s theory of capitalism and how it causes crime and deviance, it will also contain information about each Karl Marx’s and Max Weber’s theories, they both had some similarities where they agreed on some aspects of the rise of modern capitalism in the western world but they each also have some unique ideas on the topic. I will also explain how capitalism can have a cause on crime and deviance. Marx’s believed that the rise of the capitalism was found in the historic growthRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Capitalism982 Words   |  4 PagesMarx’s theory of capitalism is that there are two groups involved, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie is the factory owners and the proletariat is the working class. He perceives capitalism as the root of all evil, a process in which one group expresses dominion over another group and exploits them. The bourgeoisie owns most of the means of production while the proletariat owns very little of it. Instead they lack the time and energy to realize their class consciousness, or theRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Capitalism And Communism2258 Words   |  10 Pagesstate that Karl Marx, born in 1818 and died in 1883, is one of the founders of sociology, seeing as Marxism was named after his theories and thinking. (Biography) However he also developed and constructed many theories when talking about the economy, philosop hy and history and is best known as a communist (Biography). A great part of his life was used writing two of his well-known books, Das Kapital, written in 1867 (Marx, 2012: xii), and The Communist Manifesto, written in 1848 (Marx and Engels, 2013:Read MoreMax Weber And Marx s Theory On The Emergence Of Modern Capitalism2324 Words   |  10 PagesMax Weber like Marx and Engels produced a theory on the emergence of modern capitalism. Weber, unlike Marx and Engels, does not strictly use a historical materialist perspective to explain the appearance of capitalism. This is exemplified through his work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. A historical materialist perspective on history designates economic factors as central to the way we define historical stages. Although Weber acknowledges the important impact that economic factorsRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Human Exploitation And Alienation Under Capitalism Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism is an economic sys tem in which the investment and distribution of wealth is maintained by individuals and businesses under little governmental regulation. It protects individual rights, allowing one to hold private property and investments in their own name. That being said, some, such as Karl Marx, find the capitalist system dehumanizing and see a dire need for its abolition. In this paper, I will present an argument against Karl Marx’s theory of human exploitation and alienation underRead MoreThe Labor Theory Of Value1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe labor theory of value is an economic theory first proposed by Adam Smith that states that the value of a good or service is determined by the labor it takes to create the product under normal circumstances. Furthermore, supply and demand do not affect value, only price. An economist and philosopher named Karl Marx believes this theory proves that capitalism is inherently exploitative of the working class. Every person has labor power, or the abi lity to work. However, labor power is fueled byRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but laterRead MoreKarl Marx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim1447 Words   |  6 Pagesculture and society. Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim are the top three most important figures in sociology; and although each of them viewed religion differently, I strongly believe that they understood its power, and demonstrated its importance to people and societies. As such, I will utilize all three of these great minds, to demonstrate religion as an important and permanent part of culture and society. Let s begin with Karl Marx, and his conflict theory. According to Ashley Crossman

Casse Free Essays

Reproduced from 50 Activities for Teambuilding @ Mike Woodcock, Cower, Aldershot, 1988 CAVE RESCUE BRIEFING SHEET You have been called to an emergency meeting as one of your company’s experiments in a cave has gone badly wrong. Six volunteers have been taken into a cave system in a remote part of the country, connected only by a radio link to the research station by the cave entrance. It was intended that the volunteers would spend four days underground, but they have been trapped by falling rocks and rising water. We will write a custom essay sample on Casse or any similar topic only for you Order Now The only rescue team available tells you that rescue will be extremely difficult and only one person can be brought out each hour with the equipment at their disposal. It is likely that the rapidly rising water will drown some of the volunteers before rescue  can take place. The volunteers are aware of the dangers of their plight. They have contacted the research  station  using radio link and said that they are unwilling to take a decision as to the sequence by which they will be rescued. The responsibility for making this decision now rests with your committee. Lifesaving equipment will arrive in fifty minutes at the cave entrance and you will need to advise the team of the order for rescue by completing the ranking sheet. The only information you have available is drawn from the project files and is reproduced on the volunteer personal details sheet. You may use any criteria  you think fit to help you make  a decision. Volunteer 1: Helen Helen is 34 years old and a housewife. She has four children aged between 7 months and 8 years. Her hobbies are ice skating and cooking. She lives in a pleasant house in Gloucester, and was born in England. Helen is known to have developed a romantic and sexual relationship with another volunteer (Owen). Volunteer 2: Tozo Tozo is 19 years  old and a sociology student at Keele University. She is the daughter of wealthy Japanese parents who live in Tokyo. Her father is an industrialist who is also a national authority on traditional Japanese mime theatre. Tozo is unmarried but has several high-born suitors as she is outstandingly attractive. She has recently been the subject of a TV documentary on Japanese womanhood and flower arranging. Volunteer 3: Jobe Jobe is a man of 41 years and was born in Central Africa. He is a minister of religion whose life’s work has been devoted  to the social and  political evolution  of African peoples. Jobe is a member of the Communist Party and has paid several visits to the USSR in recent years. He is married with seven children whose ages range from 6 years to 19 years. His hobby is playing in a jazz band. Volunteer 4:Owen Owen is an unmarried man of 27 years. As a short-commission army officer he spent part of his service in Northern Ireland where, as an undercover agent, he received special recognition. Since returning to civilian life he has been unsettled and drinking has become a persistent problem. At present he is a Youth Adventure Leader, devoting much energy to helping young people and leading caving groups. His recreation is driving sports cars. He lives in Brecon, South Wales. Volunteer 5: Paul Paul is a man of 42 who has been divorced for six years. His ex-wife is now happily re-married. He was born in Scotland, but now lives in Richmond, Surrey. Paul works as a medical research scientist at the Hammersmith Hospital and he is recognized as a world authority on the treatment of rabies. He has recently developed a low-cost treatment which could be self administered. Much of this research data is still in his working notebooks. Unfortunately, Paul has experienced some emotional difficulties in recent years and has twice been convicted of indecent behaviour. The last occasion was 11 months ago. His hobbies are classical music, opera and sailing. Volunteer 6: Edward Edward is a man of 59 years. He is General Manager of a factory producing rubber belts for machines. The factory employs 71 persons. He is a prominent in local society. He is married with two children who have their own families and have moved away from his home. Edward has recently returned from Poland where he was personally responsible for promoting a contract to supply large numbers of  industrial belts over a five year period. This contract, if signed, would mean work for another 25 people. Edward’s hobbies include collecting antique guns and he intends to write a book about Civil War Armaments on his retirement. He is  also a strong cricket supporter. CAVE RESCUE REVIEW SHEET ORDER OF RESCUE -INDIVIDUAL RANKINGS NAME 1 2 3 4 5 6 ORDER OF RESCUE- GROUP RANKINGS NAME 1 2 3 4 5 6 Download How to cite Casse, Essay examples

3 Day Diet free essay sample

After completing my three day food intake in iProfile, I was given a closer examination at where my strengths and weaknesses lie in terms of my diet. Most of my protein came in the form of protein shakes, and meat, my carbohydrates were from waffles or the occasional potato, and my lipid intake is from the meat I eat. I noticed that I consume a lot of protein, a moderate amount of fat, and not enough carbohydrates. I feel in order to meet my DRI for carbohydrates I could add more whole grains like wheat bread, or brown rice and that may help. I do feel that most of the protein I ate are complete proteins since they came from meat and eggs, but I also supplement amino acids into my diet since I am so physically active and need the extra boost to protein synthesis. It is important to get a lot of complete proteins because they contain the essential amino acids that they body doesn’t produce on its own. We will write a custom essay sample on 3 Day Diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So after my three days of recording I realized that I am not eating the proper amount of calories for my level of activity, and that I need to eat more carbohydrates. I plan to remedy this by trying to eat smaller more varied meals throughout the day in addition to what I normally eat. Macronutrient intake is important for many reason, the main one being providing the body with the appropriate level of energy. Too much macronutrient intake can lead to obesity and disease, while too little can lead to a weakened immune system, and a general level of weakness and malnutrition. Protein is a macronutrient which in proper amounts helps build muscle and support organ function. Too much protein can lead to liver problems, kidney problems, and weight gain, and not enough can leave you with poor muscle tone, and can impair your immune system. Eating too many carbohydrates can lead to obesity, while not consuming enough can lead to malnutrition. Eating too many food sources containing fat or lipids can lead to higher cholesterol and cardiac disease, while eating the right amount can help decrease the risk of high cholesterol and heart disease. Fiber in my diet didn’t quite make the mark either during the three days covered according to my iProfile. I can see why this would be so considering I really don’t eat many whole grains. I do try and eat a lot of vegetables and fruit, but I am thinking I am really going to need to increase this. Most of my daily fiber comes from my morning meals which generally consist of eggs, and some form of fruit. So after three days of recording what I eat, I can see that while I do not include a lot of unhealthy foods in my diet, I do not include enough food into my diet period. I am a heavily active individual, and as such I am realizing that I need to bring up my calorie intake to properly fuel my body. I meet my protein intake but fall short everywhere else. I will be trying to eat more fiber and carbohydrates in the form of fruits and vegetables from now on. My meals have been incorporating ,more legumes since the start of this class and I am going to be trying to find ways to increase my fiber intake. I don’t drink juice, but I imagine if I did, it could help increase my caloric intake as well as my fiber intake. I do take in a proper amount of protein, so I don’t worry about any problems with muscle development or impaired organ function, but I keep consumption in safe levels to avoid kidney problems. Carbohydrates are something I can increase since a lack of them can contribute to malnutrition and general weakness. A sufficient amount of fiber is important too since it helps bowel function and will help prevent diseases like diverticulitis. Lastly, the proper amount of fat in your diet is necessary to maintain healthy levels of cholesterol and help prevent heart disease.

Taxation Theory Practice Law Assignment †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Taxation Theory Practice Law Assignment? Answer: Introducation Net capital gains and net capital losses are as a result of the capital gain tax legislation. When a tax payer disposes of a capital asset, they usually realise either a capital loss or capital gain. When preparing annual tax returns, the tax payer must report the capital gains and capital losses. The capital gains tax forms part of the tax payers income tax (Austrian Taxation Office, 2017a). Losses arising from the disposal of capital assets cannot be offset by the income tax; this can only be offset by the capital gains. The computations of capital gains or capital losses are done upon the disposal of capital assets such as real estate, share and related investments, collectables and personal use assets. Net capital gains and Net capital losses can be calculated as follows Net Capital Gain = Gains from disposal of Capital Assets during the fiscal year - Losses from the disposal of Capital Assets realised in the current or prior periods - Any allowable discounts When computing capital gains and capital losses there are special rules. For collectables (these are items meant for the comfort and personal use of the taxpayer. Collectables include items such as antiques, jewellery, paintings, and photographs) whose value is less than or equal to $500 upon disposal any capital gains or capital losses are disregarded (Australian Taxation Office, 2017a). accounting losses on collectables can only be offset by capital gains from collectables. Similarly for personal assets (for example electric items, household fittings and furniture, and boats) whose values are less than or equal to $10,000 the capital gains loss or capital gain realised upon disposal are not taken into consideration. The net capital gain and capital loss are computed as follows Total Acquisition Costs of Collectables = $2,000 + $ 3,000 + $ 9,000 = $ 14,000 Total Disposal Value of Collectables = $ 3,000 + $ 1, 000 + $1,000 = $ 5,000 Disposal Costs less Acquisition Costs of Collectables = $ 5,000 - $ 14, 000 = - $ 9,000 Disposal Value Less Acquisition Cost Personal Use Item = $ 11,000 - $ 12,000 = - $ 1,000 Disposal Value Less Acquisition Cost of Shares= $ 20,000 - $ 5,000 = $ 15,000 A net loss of $9,000 is realised on the sale of collectables. The personal use item had a value greater than $ 10,001 therefore the resulting loss of $1,000 is applied to the gain of $ 15,000. The net capital gain is $ 14,000. The loan given by the bank to Brian is what is commonly referred to as a fringe benefit. A fringe benefit is defined as a means of paying for the performance of services by the employer to the employee (Internal Revenue Services, n.d.). The award of the fringe benefit can be extended to non-employees such as independent contractors, the members of the board of directors of the company, future employees, and retired employees. There are different types of fringe benefits including unemployment insurance, life insurance, loans, healthcare insurance, disability payments, retirement schemes, travelling concessions for former employees, free meals, accommodation, recreation allowances (Human Resource Management, 2017). According to the criteria set out by the Australian Taxation Office, the loan provided to Brian is not simply just a loan but a loan fringe benefits because it is given at a rate that is less than the benchmark rate determined by the monetary authorities (the Reserve bank of Australia) [Australian Taxation Office, 2017b]. The benchmark interest rate in Australia as at 1 April 2016 was 5.65%. The taxable value of the loan fringe benefit is computed as the difference between the benchmark interest less the actual interest rate. When computation of the taxable value, the deductible rule provided by the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act of 1986. s.19(1)(b) is taken into consideration. The deductible arises because Brian used 40% of the funds for income generation purposes. Value of Taxable Loan Fringe Benefits = (Value of loan x Benchmark Rate) (Value of loan x Actual interest rate) = (5.65% x $ 1, 000, 000) (1% x $ 1,000, 000) = $ 56,500 - $ 10,000 = $ 46,500 Interest Rate Deductible = 40% (5.65% x $ 1,000, 000) 40% (1% x $ 1,000, 000) = $22, 600 - $ 4,000 =$ 18,600 Taxable Value = $ 46,500 - $ 18, 600 = $ 27,900 Interest Payable at the End of the Loan Period In situations where the employee is allowed to pay the interest on the loan less frequently than every six months, the loan is treated as having been separately loaned at the end of six months (Australian Taxation Office, 2017b). Taxable Value of Loan Fringe Benefit at Interest-Free Rate The taxable value of the debt waiver fringe benefit is the value of the amount that was waived. In the case of Brain this is the amount of the interest waived on the loan. Interest waived = 1% x 3x $ 1,000,000 = $ 30,000 In legal parlance, the term joint tenancy refers to a unique form of property ownership whereby two or more individuals have ownership of the same property (Farlex, n.d.). In the arrangement, the persons who are joint tenants have equal ownership in the given property, and equal right to retain or dispose of the property. The joint tenancy agreement creates the right of survivorship which stipulates that when one tenant dies, the dead tenants rights in the property are transferred to the surviving member. The joint tenancy has four main features namely (i) Each tenant has an undivided interest in the entire property, the share of each tenant is equal with no tenant being able to have a larger share than the others; (ii) The property of the persons in the joint tenancy are fixed for the same period of time; (iii) The joint tenants have only one title; and (iv) the individual joint tenants have similar rights. For the purposes of computing tax obligations, the legislation maintains where two or more persons own a property as joint tenants, then the net loss or gain is divided amongst them in line with their legal interest in the property (Australian Taxation Office, 2017c). Any arrangement by the joint tenants to divide the income and expenses in proportions that are not equal has no effect for tax purposes. Therefore, Jack and Jill will divided the net loss between them in an equal ratio. For the purposes of capital gains tax, the joint tenants are taken to have common equal shares and rights in the property. Therefore, each of the joint tenants has an equal share in the capital gain or capital loss upon disposal of the property (Australian Taxation Office, 2017d). When Jack and Jill sell the property, the capital loss will be shared equally between them. In the case of the Inland Revenue Commissioner v. Duke of Westminster [1935] it was established that the Duke of Westminster executed deed with people in his employment that included his gardener in which he made a covenant to pay the employees a given weekly sum for a period of seven years or during the lives of the parties in the covenant. The amount to be paid was equivalent to the wages that the employees were receiving. Under the tax provisions that prevailed at that time, the arrangement made by the Duke of Westminster enabled him to reduce his tax burden. The issue raised by the Inland Revenue Commissioner (IRC) was that the amount paid under the deed during the period of time when the employees were in the service of the Duke amounted to remunerations for services rendered thus they were not allowable deductibles in the liability for surtax. The IRC maintained that the arrangement by the Duke was meant to avoid the full tax obligations. The court found in favour of the Duke of Westminster stating that the taxpayer has the right to take actions or make provisions to reduce their tax liability in line with the given laws that prevail at the time. This case established the principle of tax avoidance that is every individual is entitled to arrange their affairs so as to reduce their tax liability as long as their actions are in line with the law (Murphy, 2012). Relevance of IRC v. Duke of Westminster [1935] The ruling by the court is attractive for individuals hoping to reduce their tax burden by formulating complex transactions and contracts. However, over the years, the courts have weakened the principles of tax avoidance, limiting the legal methods available to avoid taxes. In their rulings, the courts have established what is known as the Ramsay principle. This principle states that where a transaction does not make sense without the tax benefit, the proper approach is to tax the entire transaction (W T Ramsay Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1981]). Additionally, subsequent amendments to the tax legislation in Australia have been geared at reducing tax avoidance and increasing the revenue collected. Allowing taxpayers to pay lower rates would essentially lower the governments revenue which would reduce the quality and quantity of services offered to the citizens. The principles established in the IRC v. Duke of Westminster [1935] are relevant in Australia. However, the taxation authorities are taking measures to reduce the degree of applicability. The Australian Taxation Office has established Taxation Ruling 95/6 (TR 95/6). This ruling sets out the degree to which receipts realised from the sale of timber can be treated as assessable income, irrespective of whether or not the taxpayers key business is related to the forestry industry (Australian Taxation Office, 2017e). Section 22 of the ruling indicates that the receipts realised on the disposal of trees owned by the taxpayer irrespective of whether or not the taxpayer is in the forestry business is assessable income in the year in which the sale occurred. The taxable value depends on the market value prevailing on the day of disposal or where there is no sufficient evidence of the market value, the value which the Commissioner deems reasonable (paragraph 36 (8) (a)). Therefore, Bill would be assessed on the sale of timber to the logging company. A royalty is defined as income derived from the use of the taxpayers property (University of Richmond, 2017). The payment of royalties is related to the use of a valuable right. By granting the logging company the right to cut down the tree, the income earned will be considered as a royalty. According to TR 95/6 royalties obtained by the taxpayer by giving the right to fell trees on land owned by the taxpayer are considered assessable income of the taxpayer. References Australian Taxation Office (2017a). Capital gains tax. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/ (Accessed 11 September 2017). Australian Taxation Office (2017b). Chapter 8 - Loan and debt waiver fringe benefits. Available at https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?DocID=SAV/FBTGEMP/00009PiT =99991231235958/? page=3#8_3_What_is_a_loan_fringe_benefit_ (Accessed 11 September 2017). Australian Taxation Office (2017c). Co-ownership of rental property. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Forms/Rental-properties-2013-14/?page=5 Australian Taxation Office (2017d). Joint tenants. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/tax-return/2017/in-detail/publications/guide-to-capital-gains-tax-2017/?page=94 (Accessed 11 September 2017). Australian Taxation Office. (2017e). TR 95/6. Income tax: primary production and forestry. Available at https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=txr/tr956/nat/ato/00001 Farlex (n.d.) Joint Tenancy. Available at: https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/joint+tenancy (Accessed 11 September 2017). Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act of 1986. s.19(1)(b).Sydney: Australian Government Publishing Services. Internal Revenue Services. Fringe Benefits. Available at: https://www.irs.gov/publications/p15b/ar02.html#en_US_2017_publink1000193623 (Accessed 11 September 2017) IRC v. Duke of Westminster [1935] All ER 259 (H.L.) London: HMSO Human Resource Management. (2017). Types of fringe benefits. Citeman, 12 January. Available at: https://www.citeman.com/1359-types-of-fringe-benefits.html. (Accessed 11 September 2017). Murphy, R. (2012). The duke of Westminster is dead: Long live the Duke of Westminster. Tax Research UK, 10 August. Available at: https://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Blog/2012/08/10/the-duke-of-westminster-is-dead-long-live-the-duke-of-westminster/ (Accessible 11 September 2017). W T Ramsay Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1981] HL 12. London: HMSO

Age Discrimination And Unequal Treatment Social Work Essay Essays

Age Discrimination And Unequal Treatment Social Work Essay Essays Age Discrimination And Unequal Treatment Social Work Essay Essay Age Discrimination And Unequal Treatment Social Work Essay Essay As definition, age discriminationA occurs when person isA stereotyped andA discriminated because of the age. In general, it consist in a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to warrant age based bias, favoritism, and subordination. On this footing, chronological age should non see as a parametric quantity for pigeonholing differences in life styles ( for illustration, work, survey, volunteering, caring, recuperating ) and fortunes ( for illustration, populating entirely or with others, wellness position, income group ) alternatively should be evaluated the person with the ain features. More in peculiar, age favoritism in entree to goods and services refer to a less favorably intervention without justification for a ground associating to the age, in regard to a individual to whom that ground does non use. Such less favorably intervention are really non legislatively prohibited neither under the Equality Act 2010 which chiefly refer to the age favoritism within the employment. In fact, the chief ordinances on both UK and European degree has been developed with respects to age favoritism within the employment field. In this manner is relevant Employment Equality ( Age ) Regulations which comes into force in October 2006 and was included in the subsequent Equality Act which replaces a figure of pieces of other statute law. Widen such protection beyond the working lives has become an of import intent for English Government and European community, in which researches are barely supported by the anti- age favoritism associations. Hence, it is arguable that a winning research inquiry should turn to: how and in which manner the deficiency of statute law against age favoritism in entree to goods and services penalizes, in U.K. , people over 60, sing prejudiced effects and economic sciences deductions that arise from a sort of society structured on a standardised population. It is likely just to state that in most instances, concern about age favoritism in the field of goods and services arose following on from argument about age favoritism in the field of employment. ( Age Concern et Al, 2004 ) Equality act 2010, is an English codification that prescribes equal intervention in entree to employment every bit good as private and public services, irrespective of the protected features. Age is one of the nine protected features listed by Equality act, for which are identify forbidden behaviors. However, age favoritism in the employment field could trust on national and European normative supports, despite the same favoritism outside the workplace is non presently improper. Age favoritism, unlike all other types of direct favoritism ( race favoritism, sex favoritism, etc. ) is possible to be justified on both direct and indirect favoritism on the footing of an individuated nonsubjective justification which has to be tested. Such justification is intended as a less prejudiced intervention available in a specific state of affairs. Therefore, this flexible proviso makes unclear the legal bounds of age equality and decently because of its justification in direct favoritisms it bec ame challenge define its confines. In this manner, age becomes the lone one of the protected features barely defended, and this happen particularly in the context of entree to goods and services in which any protection is provided. Despite this deficiency of protection ( and therefore deficiency of European and national statute law ) , the UK Government has knowledge that there is a important sum of grounds that older people are being treated in a prejudiced manner by those supplying goods and services . Through the research it will be demonstrated that older people s protection against favoritism will bring forth an classless state of affairs that will hold positive effects, non merely on the land of human rights, but besides on the land of national economic betterment facet. In fact, countries in which is common to happen age favoritism instances are frequently related to an unwillingness to put in readjustment which have the ultimate purpose to warrant ingestion besides by older people, and to pigeonholing. The latter one is frequently applied to avoid an equal entree to services ( fiscal services ) and an equal entree to goods in which alternatively should be encouraged consumers and subscribers to hold an active function in economic and societal life. In harmonizing with Equality Act 2010, mentioned above, the attack to this subject require to distinguish among age groups, intended as a group of people holding about the same age ( therefore, that portion the same protected featu re ) . For the present research was chosen the group of people over 60, in relation to the national statute law which refer to age 60 as a criterion retirement age. The purpose of the research is seek to understand and accordingly ban age favoritism in proviso of goods and services. Evidence of instances about such unjust favoritism are identified in different countries, as insurance, fiscal services, selling and the media, entree to public infinites, conveyances and modern engineerings. Observation of each field construction in relation to users that belong to the over 60 group and interviews to them, will bring forth indexs, which will be used for understand the weight of age favoritism in different fortunes. This indexs are non direct steps of the alteration introduced by the statute law or a direct effect of this. Alternatively they are indirect indexs of the job bing. In add-on to turn outing that such favoritism exist, it could be demonstrated that benefits such as better entree to services are indirectly proportionate to age favoritism in this Fieldss. A concrete illustration could be given by experience in disablement, intended as a prot ected feature at the same degree as age. In this manner, disablement could be frequently associated with older age. The Disability Discrimination Act ( DDA ) , prescribes that is improper for service suppliers to handle you less favorably because of your disablement, and they must do reasonable accommodations for you, such as giving you excess aid or altering the manner they provide their services. The same proviso does non be with respects to age. Therefore, a comparing with another protected feature could be used as index of a deficiency of the legal attack. Widen the same protection for people that are discriminated because they age should be arguable. In age favoritism exist common indexs of old people social-exclusion, while in other countries as computing machine and information engineering could be identified a peculiar disadvantage. Quality of lodging is a important job for older householders who frequently are non able both physically and economically to care about the house implying in this manner the decay of life premises. In fact, many older people require aid in modifying their places to enable independent life as a preventive attack to wellness. A grounds, the bing low of practical support services in advancing independency are DIY, aid after a infirmary stay, daily aid ( cleansing, meal readying ) , horticulture, transit, and befriending strategies. Even if some of this services are available there are fewer services available offering support for personal security and safety and fewer still delivered to cultural minority and religion groups. Insurance is a curious field in which age is a general standard in finding hazard of insured, with the consequence that some services are unavailable and others are prohibitively in relation to who is older than others. In fact, in booking a train ticket on-line in the UK, clients are advised to see themselves, but the insurance is merely available for people under 75 old ages old. Further, there besides appears that the most competitory insurance screen offers are those that are merely available online, and normally older people are non much confident with engineerings, particularly in utilizing on-line payment to use for an insurance. In fiscal services the age favoritism is widespread: reexamining regulators of fiscal service suppliers and their web sites is clear that the favoritism start from troubles in the entree to service. In this manner, barriers that older people face are related to knowledge spread and deficiency of acquaintance with modern-day signifiers of pull offing m oney ( on-line payment ) , disfavor in keeping a bank history or recognition card/s and a reluctance to inquire for aid ( in most of instances accounts are hard to follow because truly speedy and with the usage of new technological footings ) . In this manner, although Bankss do non overtly exclude older people from banking services in the manner that many insurance companies do, there is however a strong feeling among older clients that recognition is in fact frequently refused merely on the evidences of age. Some information services were besides concerned that in some cases, recognition was being extended to older clients, who did non hold equal agencies to refund the debt. With respects to Personal societal services, its outgo per caput on older people utilizing societal attention services has been lower than for other grownup client groups. Along with a figure of probes, this difference is taken as a possible index of age favoritism in the deployment of services. Finally, it co uld be argue that age favoritism grounds are found severally in direct and indirect favoritism: direct where age was being used as a placeholder for hazard, and people over a certain age were precluded from accessing fiscal services, entirely on the footing of their age ; indirect where the cheapest insurance offers were merely available online. The present research will follow a qualitative method, in which a realistic attack will be used to seek to understand possible discriminatory phenomena in the societal context of older people. In this manner, interviews and observations are of import instruments for apprehension, the roots of an age favoritism in entree to goods and services. Such qualitative survey will hold the intent of bring forthing apprehension , which will be hopefully used to make a legal attack that can contrast prejudiced state of affairss. To guarantee dependability in the quality of measuring, the scrutiny of trustiness of the informations collected by research worker will be a important measure. In peculiar, this attempt will be directed to understand if in connexion with some indexs, the older individual will endure a disadvantage, that will be related to a comparator in the same state of affairs, but non included in the same age group. In order to mensurate the cogency of prejudiced premises derived from indexs analysis, the usage of a comparator cold be a valuable resource. In fact, statute law already supply a definition of direct favoritism stipulating that an person Angstrom is straight discriminates if it treats another person B less favorably than it treats or would handle a comparator on evidences of B s age. The statute law do non supply the usage of comparators in indirect favoritism. However, the rule beyond the legislative dictate could be considered in order to obtain satisfactory consequences under cogency and dependability of the measuring s. The comparator s fortunes do non necessitate to be indistinguishable ( in footings of life attitudes ) , but must non be entirely dissimilar. In this manner, the two state of affairs obtained can be easy compared concentrating on different age, analyzing if such difference is efficaciously a cause of prejudiced intervention. Questions could originate in relation to how much of an age difference is needed between comparators. In this manner, the already developed statute law in the employment field aid to find the boundaries of age favoritism. In fact, frequently older people who face age favoritism are around or beyond the retirement age, which presume a lessening in incomes. This is related to a society s construction purely centred to the economic deductions, pigeonholing older people non as non adequate decisive consumers and subscribers to the economic and societal lives. For this ground the retirement age as a parametric quantity for chose the comparator seems equal. To run into the credibleness of the informations obtained, the consequences must be believable and defendable . in this manner, they could became object of opinion by the participant: a participant would acknowledge themselves in the consequence every bit shortly as it is sufficient generalizable. This grade of generalisation of the consequence will give the step of transferability. It could be enhanced depicting the age favoritism in entree to goods and services context underscoring the cardinal premises of the research, as the societal exclusion and the economic jobs that older people face. In this manner, the footings of the research are fixed in order to allow a winning transferability. However, another of import facet is measures the grade of stability of the constructs obtained. In order to gauge dependability, it should be tested whether the same consequences will be obtained if the same thing will be observed twice . The thought of dependableness, on the other manus, emphasizes the demand for the research worker to account for the ever-changing context within which research occurs. The research is responsible for depicting the alterations that occur in the scene and how these alterations affected the manner the research approached the survey. On this footing, it could be possible pull up the thought that older people are subjected to favoritism facing services and utilizing goods for which the component of age could find a different intervention. Therefore, the research could expect the sense of disadvantage and the economic effects that could originate from such different interventions in regard of other different age group s users. The chief lineation should be verify if the step of differences in entree to goods and services truly measures that prejudiced disadvantage. However, credibleness, neutrality, consistence and pertinence are indispensable standards in researching informations. For trial the cogency and dependability triangulation will be an of import measure. Triangulation is typically a scheme ( trial ) for bettering the cogency and dependability of research or rating of findings. Triangulation has risen an of import methodological issue in realistic and qualitative attacks to evaluation [ in order to ] control prejudice and set uping valid propositions because traditional scientific techniques are incompatible with this alternate epistemology . In this manner, the construct of combine methods is arguable for confirm and generalise the research. Actually, on the footing of the multiple perceptual experiences of world that will originate from interviews, triangulation will give the reading of the several informations beginnings. Prosecuting multiple methods, such as, observation, interviews and recordings will take to more valid, dependable and diverse building of worlds. In this manner, triangulation in age favoritism will affect several research workers of the informations at different clip or location, decently on the footing that the age group include different gender and different people with different backgrounds.

The Technology and History of the Atlatl Spear Thrower

The Technology and History of the Atlatl Spear Thrower An atlatl (pronounced atul-atul or aht-LAH-tul) is the name used primarily by American scholars for a spear thrower, a hunting tool that was invented at least as long ago as the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe. It may be much older. Spear throwers are a significant technological improvement on simply throwing or thrusting a spear, in terms of safety, speed, distance, and accuracy. Fast Facts: Atlatl The atlatl or spearthrower is a hunting technology which was invented at least 17,000 years ago by Upper Paleolithic humans in Europe.  Atlatls give additional velocity and thrust compared to spear-throwing, and they allow the hunter to stand farther away from the prey.  They are called atlatls, because thats what the Aztecs were calling them when the Spanish arrived. Unfortunately for the Spanish, the Europeans had forgotten how to use them. The American scientific name for the spearthrower is from the Aztec language, Nahuatl. The atlatl was recorded by Spanish conquistadors when they arrived in Mexico and discovered that the Aztec people had a stone weapon that could pierce metal armor. The term was first noted by the American anthropologist Zelia Nuttall [1857–1933], who wrote about Mesoamerican atlatls in 1891, based on drawn images and three surviving examples. Other terms in use around the globe include spear thrower, woomera (in Australia), and propulseur (in French). What is a Spearthrower? Atlatl Display, Gold Museum of Bogota, Colombia. Carl Ann Purcell / Getty Images An atlatl is a slightly curved piece of wood, ivory, or bone, measuring between 5 and 24 inches (13–61 centimeters) long and between 1–3 in (2–7 cm) wide. One end is hooked, and the hook fits into the nock end of a separate spear shaft, itself between 3 to 8 feet (1–2.5 meters) in length. The working end of the shaft may simply be sharpened  or be modified to include a pointed projectile point. Atlatls are often decorated or painted- the oldest ones we have are elaborately carved. In some American cases, banner stones, rocks carved into a bow-tie shape with a hole in the middle, were used on the spear shaft. Scholars have been unable to find that adding the weight of a banner stone does anything to the velocity or thrust of the operation. They have theorized that banner stones may have been thought to act as a flywheel, stabilizing the motion of the spear throwing, or that it was not used during the throw at all, but rather to balance the spear when the atlatl was at rest. How To... The motion used by the thrower is similar to that of an overhand baseball pitcher. The thrower holds the atlatl handle in the palm of her hand and pinches the dart shaft with her fingers. Balancing both behind her ear, she pauses, pointing with her opposite hand toward the target; and then, with a movement as if she were pitching a ball, she flings the shaft forward allowing it to slip out of her fingers as it flies towards the target. The atlatl stays level and the dart on target throughout the motion. As with baseball, the snap of the wrist at the end imparts much of the velocity, and the longer the atlatl, the longer the distance (although there is an upper limit). The speed of a properly flung 5 ft (1.5 m) spear equipped with a 1 ft (30 cm) atlatl is about 60 miles (80 kilometers) per hour; one researcher reported that he put an atlatl dart through his garage door on his first attempt. The maximum speed achieved by an experienced atlatlist is 35 meters per second or 78 mph. The technology of an atlatl is that of a lever, or rather a system of levers, which together combine and increase the force of the human overhand throw. The flipping motion of the throwers elbow and shoulder in effect adds a joint to the thrower’s arm. The proper use of the atlatl makes spear-assisted hunting an efficiently targeted and deadly experience. Earliest Atlatls The earliest secure information concerning atlatls comes from several caves in France dated to the Upper Paleolithic. Early atlatls in France are works of art, such as the fabulous example known as le faon aux oiseaux (Fawn with Birds), a 20 in (52 cm) long carved piece of reindeer bone decorated with a carved ibex and birds. This atlatl was recovered from the cave site of La Mas d’Azil, and was made between 15,300 and 13,300 years ago. Atlatl Spear Thrower, Carved as a Bison, La Madeleine, Dordogne Valley, France, ca 15,000 BP. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images A 19 in (50 cm) long atlatl, found in the La Madeleine site in the Dordogne valley of France, has a handle carved as a hyena effigy; it was made about 13,000 years ago. The Canecaude cave site deposits dated to about 14,200 years ago contained a small atlatl (8 cm, or 3 in) carved in the shape of a mammoth. The very earliest atlatl found to date is a simple antler hook dated to the Solutrean period (about 17,500 years ago), recovered from the site of Combe Sauniere. Atlatls are necessarily carved from organic material, wood or bone, and so the technology may be much older than 17,000 years ago. The stone points used on a thrust or hand-thrown spear are larger and heavier than those used on an atlatl, but thats a relative measure and a sharpened end will work as well. Simply put, archaeologists do not know how old the technology is. Modern Atlatl Use The atlatl has lots of fans today. The World Atlatl Association sponsors the International Standard Accuracy Contest (ISAC), a competition of atlatl skill held in small venues all over the world; they hold workshops so if youd like to learn how to throw with an atlatl, thats where to start. The WAA keeps a list of world champions and ranking master atlatl throwers. The competitions have also been used along with controlled experiments to gather field data concerning the effect of the different elements of the atlatl process, such as the weight and shape of the projectile point used, the length of the shaft and the atlatl. A lively discussion can be found in the archives of the journal American Antiquity about whether you can safely identify whether a particular point was used in bow and arrow versus atlatl: the results are inconclusive. If you are a dog owner, you may have even used a modern spearthrower known as the â€Å"Chuckit. Study History Archaeologists began to recognize atlatls in the late 19th century. The anthropologist and adventurer Frank Cushing [1857–1900] made replicas and may have experimented with the technology; Zelia Nuttall wrote about Mesoamerican atlatls in 1891, and anthropologist Otis T. Mason [1838–1908] looked at Arctic spear throwers and noticed that they were similar to those described by Nuttall. More recently, studies by scholars such as John Whittaker and Brigid Grund have focused on the physics of atlatl throwing, and trying to parse out why people eventually adopted the bow and arrow. Sources Angelbeck, Bill, and Ian Cameron. The Faustian Bargain of Technological Change: Evaluating the Socioeconomic Effects of the Bow and Arrow Transition in the Coast Salish Past. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 36 (2014): 93–109. Print.Bingham, Paul M., Joanne Souza, and John H. Blitz. Introduction: Social Complexity and the Bow in the Prehistoric North American Record. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 22.3 (2013): 81–88. Print.Cain, David I., and Elizabeth A. Sobel. Sticks with Stones: An Experimental Test of the Effects of the Atlatl Weight on Atlatl Mechanics. Ethnoarchaeology 7.2 (2015): 114–40. Print.Erlandson, Jon, Jack Watts, and Nicholas Jew. Darts, Arrows, and Archaeologists: Distinguishing Dart and Arrow Points in the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 162–69. Print.Grund, Brigid Sky. Behavioral Ecology, Technology, and the Organization of Labor: How a Shift from Spear Thrower to Self Bow Exacerbates Soc ial Disparities. American Anthropologist 119.1 (2017): 104–19. Print. Pettigrew, Devin B., et al. How Atlatl Darts Behave: Beveled Points and the Relevance of Controlled Experiments. American Antiquity 80.3 (2015): 590–601. Print.Walde, Dale. Concerning the Atlatl and the Bow: Further Observations Regarding Arrow and Dart Points in the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 156–61. Print.Whittaker, John C. Levers, Not Springs: How a Spearthrower Works and Why It Matters. Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry. Eds. Iovita, Radu and Katsuhiro Sano. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. 65–74. Print.Whittaker, John C., Devin B. Pettigrew, and Ryan J. Grohsmeyer. Atlatl Dart Velocity: Accurate Measurements and Implications for Paleoindian and Archaic Archaeology. PaleoAmerica 3.2 (2017): 161–81. Print.